The National Energy Work Conference held in January this year fully affirmed the good momentum of the rapid development of clean energy such as nuclear power, and put forward the development ideas and development goals for the efficient development of nuclear power on the basis of ensuring safety during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period. At the same time, the industry has generated some controversies on the scale of my country's nuclear power development and long-term safety risks, and has attracted widespread attention. To this end, Zhang Huazhu, Chairman of the China Nuclear Energy Industry Association (hereinafter referred to as the Nuclear Energy Association), and Zhao Chengkun, Vice Chairman of the China Nuclear Energy Industry Association, gave an in-depth interpretation on topics of concern to the industry such as the adjustment of my country's nuclear power development plan, the safety of second-generation nuclear power, and the future development trend of nuclear power. .

 

At 14:16 on February 22, the CA03 module of Sanmen Nuclear Power Unit 1 was successfully hoisted in place, with a hoisting weight of more than 400 tons (including the weight of the sling), and the hoisting lasted 6 hours and 40 minutes. The CA03 module is an arc-shaped wall structure, located in the containment plant, and is used to form the wall of the refueling water storage tank (IRWST) in the containment. Its successful hoisting promotes the construction progress in the nuclear island, and is also for the follow-up The hoisting of the module has accumulated experience.

　　 The goal of 70-80 million kilowatts can be achieved by 2020

From the central government’s policy of “actively developing nuclear power” in 2005, to the “Medium and Long-term Development Plan for Nuclear Power (2005-2020)” (hereinafter referred to as the “Plan”) promulgated by the State Council in 2007, to the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” of nuclear power by all parties. Various speculations about the plan, the adjustment of my country's nuclear power development plan has always been a hot topic in the industry.

 

"Under the guidance of the policy of active development of nuclear power, my country's nuclear power is advancing steadily and orderly in accordance with the requirements of safety and efficiency, and has achieved good results." Zhang Huazhu summarized the current status of my country's nuclear power development.

It is understood that my country built 2 new nuclear power units in 2010, and the number of nuclear power units put into commercial operation increased to 13, with a total installed capacity of 10.8 million kilowatts, accounting for 2.88% of the world's total nuclear power installed capacity (375 million kilowatts); in 2010, my country The construction of 10 nuclear power units has been started, and the number of nuclear power units under construction has reached 28, with a total installed capacity of 30.97 million kilowatts, accounting for more than 40% of the total nuclear power under construction in the world.

 

"The 28 units currently under construction will be gradually completed during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period. By then, the total installed nuclear power capacity in operation in my country will exceed 40 million kilowatts. In other words, the targets set in the mid- and long-term nuclear power development plan will be achieved five years ahead of schedule. There is no much suspense." Zhang Huazhu said. He pointed out that to achieve the goal of non-fossil energy to account for about 15% of primary energy consumption by 2020, it is necessary to continue to maintain the rapid development of nuclear power. At present, my country's installed nuclear power capacity only accounts for 1.1% of the country's total installed capacity, which is too small. Even if the current development speed is maintained roughly in the next 5 to 10 years, the installed nuclear power capacity will reach 70-80 million kilowatts in 2020, and the proportion of nuclear power in primary energy consumption will only reach about 3.5%. “Therefore, from vigorously adjusting the energy structure and accelerating From the perspective of new energy development requirements, it is imperative to adjust nuclear power development planning goals and maintain the momentum of rapid development of nuclear power."

 

Regarding the goals mentioned in the "Plan", Zhang Huazhu said that my country's nuclear power has significantly improved its capabilities and levels from research and design to project management, from equipment manufacturing to on-site construction; natural uranium supply and nuclear fuel guarantee work has been strengthened; internal enterprise resource integration Increased efforts and rapid growth of talents. "On the whole, guarantee conditions in all aspects are getting better and better, providing strong support for the rapid development of nuclear power. Problems in nuclear fuel supply, equipment manufacturing, and talent team building have obvious phase characteristics and are highly valued by all aspects. , It will not become a factor restricting the rapid development of nuclear power. Therefore, maintaining the current development speed, the goal of building a 70-80 million kilowatt nuclear power by 2020 is achievable."

 

The safety of second-generation nuclear power is at the world advanced level

 

Regarding the safety level and safety risks of second-generation nuclear power, Zhao Chengkun said: “The so-called'China's second-generation nuclear power plant has a low level of design safety' is compared to the advanced nuclear power plant currently under development, such as the AP1000. , EPR, etc. Among them, one of the familiar technical indicators is the critical core damage frequency (CDF), and the other is measures to prevent and mitigate serious accidents."

 

According to the information provided by the Nuclear Energy Association, in 1986, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission determined the quantitative safety goals for future advanced nuclear power plants. Among them, two target guidance values ​​are proposed for the risk assessment of the probability of serious accidents, that is, the frequency of serious damage to the core should be less than 10-5 per reactor year, and the frequency of large-scale releases to the environment caused by serious accidents should be less than 10-6 per stack year. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) also made the same request in 1999. Since then, many countries including France have also adopted these two target guidance values.

 

Zhao Chengkun introduced that there are currently 441 units in operation in the world, including 104 units in the United States. Except for a few ABWRs, most of them are second-generation or second-generation improved technologies, and the frequency of serious damage to the core is about 10- 4∕stack years. The safety level of these reactors fully meets the safety requirements of the International Atomic Energy Agency for existing nuclear power plants, as well as the safety requirements of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission for existing US nuclear power plants. my country’s second-generation improved models are based on the introduction of French models, through digestion and absorption and a large number of technical improvements, especially after adopting a series of safety improvement measures including some serious accident prevention and mitigation measures. Got up. "All nuclear power units in operation are operating well. There are no operational incidents of international nuclear event classification level 2 and above. The radioactive discharge dose level is far below national standards. The advanced nature and safety of my country's second-generation improved models should be Said to be better than most units in the United States that are undergoing life extension and technological transformation."

 

In August 2007, the “Comprehensive Assessment Report on the Safety Level of the Second Generation of Improved Nuclear Power Plants” jointly completed by the Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center of the State Environmental Protection Administration and the Nuclear Energy Institute of Tsinghua University pointed out that my country’s Daya Bay, Ling Ao, and Ling Ao Phase II three The frequency of serious core damage accidents (CDF) of nuclear power plants are 2.13×10-5∕reactor year, 1.94×10-5∕reactor year and 1.53×10-5∕reactor year. "Although this value is somewhat different from the third-generation technology, it is already very close to the requirements of the U.S. U.S. U.S. Power Company User Requirements Document (URD) ​​for the third-generation nuclear power technology. Of course, evaluating the safety of a nuclear power unit is not only an indicator of the CDF, but also many others. Important indicators. But in terms of overall safety indicators, the safety of China's second-generation nuclear power units is at the advanced level of nuclear power units in operation in the world today, and fully meets the requirements of China and international nuclear safety standards." Zhao Chengkun said.

 

Regarding the current third-generation technology, Zhao Chengkun pointed out that the design safety level of the third-generation nuclear power technology including AP1000 and EPR has been greatly improved, and the CDF can be reduced to 10-6-10-7 per reactor year. "These nuclear power projects that use new technologies, especially innovative nuclear power projects, are basically'first reactor projects.' After they are completed, they need to be fully verified and evaluated for their safety, economy, and reliability, before they can gradually gain experience. Promotion and commercialization."

 

"The third-generation nuclear power technology comprehensively considers safety measures to prevent and mitigate the consequences of serious accidents with extremely low frequency. The design concept is more advanced and the safety performance is better. Moreover, the third-generation nuclear power technology has absorbed a large number of second-generation units in the long-term improvement The technology and advanced management methods developed in China. Therefore, the third-generation technology is actually the development and extension of the second-generation technology. Splitting the technical continuity of the second-generation and third-generation nuclear power is not conducive to the healthy development of nuclear power." Zhang Huazhu frankly said.

 

Zhao Chengkun said that in order to meet the urgent needs of my country's energy structure adjustment, before the commercialization of my country's third-generation nuclear power, we should pay close attention to building a batch of mature, safe, economical and highly localized second-generation nuclear power plants. Will not bring long-term risks" issues.

 

"Twelfth Five-Year" total installed capacity will reach 40 million kilowatts

 

It is well known in the industry that in the past five years, my country's nuclear power construction has achieved remarkable achievements. Regarding the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" that has come, Zhang Huazhu said that in terms of the scale of nuclear power operation, my country will enter the ranks of the world's nuclear power powers. "In the next five years, about 30 nuclear power units will be completed and put into operation. The total installed nuclear power capacity in my country will reach 40 million kilowatts, the annual nuclear power generation will reach 320 billion kilowatt-hours, and nuclear power will account for 2.2% of primary energy consumption. The completion and commissioning of the third-generation nuclear power unit will mark the introduction of my country's third-generation nuclear power technology. It has successfully gone through the entire process of digestion and absorption. It is of great significance to the smooth progress of subsequent project construction and the enhancement of independent innovation capabilities."

 

Relevant data provided by the Nuclear Energy Association show that in the next five years, my country will start construction of 38 million kilowatts of nuclear power, and start construction of about 8 new units each year. Moreover, starting from 2013, the number of units started each year is roughly the same as the number of units completed and put into operation, and the scale of construction will enter a relatively stable state. The construction of nuclear power projects during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period will lay a solid foundation for achieving the goal of building 70-80 million kilowatts by 2020.

 

Zhang Huazhu believes that: "Natural uranium supply and nuclear fuel guarantee capabilities will be further strengthened; new progress will be made in major national science and technology projects and other major scientific research projects, and nuclear power research and development capabilities will be improved; equipment manufacturing and supply will be more adapted to the needs of nuclear power development, and third-generation nuclear power is key The localization of equipment will become the focus of research; the shortage of talents is expected to alleviate, and the focus of talent construction will shift more to focus on improving the quality of personnel."

 

"Safety is the lifeline of nuclear power. To maintain the stable and healthy development of nuclear power in our country, we must firmly grasp the safe operation of nuclear power and improve the quality of nuclear power construction. There must be no slack. This is the foundation of my country's nuclear power development." Zhang Huazhu finally emphasized.